@article{oai:chuo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006507,
 author = {Yabuta, Masahiro and Scott, Noel and Ozawa, Takashi},
 journal = {経済研究所 Discussion Paper, IERCU Discussion Paper},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, This paper examines the management of marine resources such as coral reefs used as the tourism attractions. From an economic perspective, these marine resources exhibit the characteristics of ‘free-access use (non-excludability)’ and ‘competitive use (rivalry)’ and may be considered common pool resources (CPRs). CPRs tend to be overused in the absence of careful management (Ostrom 1990), and indeed in many tourism destinations, tourism operators and/or tourists have been found to overuse and damage the natural tourism resources such as coral reefs. Measures to control their usage include regulations (zoning, seasonal utilization, number of users, and tourist activity), and economic incentives (tax or subsidies). Among these measures, controls on tourism operators, such as restrictions on the number of tourism operators and the boundaries of their activities, are particularly effective in avoiding overuse of CPRs. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of these measures in managing the competitive use of such CPRs sustainable, and examines the implications of entry- and usage-related regulations in tourism destinations where the major tourism resources are coral reefs.},
 title = {The management of common pool resources in tourism destinations: A simple model analysis of marine resource management},
 volume = {221},
 year = {2014}
}